The methylene blue sensitized reactions exhibit all of the characteristics of a singlet oxygen reaction including isotope effects for the formation of a hydroperoxysuffonium ylide and the ability of I and 2 to quench the Ubiquitin inhibitor time-resolved emission of singlet oxygen at 1270 nm. The product compositions in the N-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate and pyrylium-cation-sensitized

reactions are dramatically different and are both different from that anticipated for the participation of singlet oxygen. This argues for different reaction mechanisms for all three sensitizers. However, both the quinolinium and pyrylium-cation-sensitized reactions display all of the characteristics of electron-transfer-initiated photooxygenations. Both sensitizers were quenched at nearly diffusion-limited rates by 1 and 2. Laser flash photolysis of mixtures of either sensitizer and 1 or 2 resulted in direct observation of the reduced sensitizer and the sulfide radical cation. In addition, electron-transfer reactions involving both sensitizers were shown to be exergonic. These results are consistent with the previously proposed outer sphere electron-transfer mechanism for N-methylquinolinium tetrafluoroborate and Raf targets were used to argue for a new inner sphere mechanism for the pyrylium cation reactions.”
“This study

sought to determine the frequency and clinical significance of nonhabitual seizures in 101 consecutive Nocodazole in vitro patients undergoing presurgical intracranial electroencephalography intracranial (icEEG) recording. We compared clinical data, recording details, and

postsurgical outcome in patients with nonhabitual seizures to those without nonhabitual seizures during icEEG. In patients with nonhabitual seizures we compared icEEG recordings of nonhabitual seizures to recordings of habitual seizures. Nonhabitual seizures were recorded in 10% of patients. Those patients had a significantly higher rate of procedure-related complications compared to patients without nonhabitual seizures. Ultimate seizure outcome did not differ between the groups. Nonhabitual seizures often occurred within the first 3days of icEEG recording and had larger seizure-onset zones compared to the patient’s habitual seizures. Nonhabitual seizures have no effect on outcome of epilepsy surgery but may serve as important markers of procedure-related complications during icEEG.”
“The time over threshold (TOT) method has several advantages over direct pulse height analysis based on analog to digital converters (ADCs). A key advantage is the simplicity of the conversion circuit which leads to a high level of integration and a low power consumption. The TOT technique is well suited to build multi-channel readout systems for pixelated detectors as described in our previous work that also exploits the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method.